Research on prairie voles has shown that social interaction can significantly impact brain structure, particularly in areas related to bonding and reward. Even brief contact with a male can alter brain connections in female voles.
A study found that social experience and cohabitation with a mate promote the growth of new neurons in the nucleus accumbens of adult female prairie voles. This area of the brain is linked to reward and bonding.
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Author's summary: Social interaction alters brain connections in female voles.