Influence of Silver Nanoparticles on Clinopodium nepeta subsp. spruneri
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are gaining attention as active elicitors that modulate plant growth and metabolism. This study examined the impact of AgNPs (1.0–50.0 mg/L) on in vitro shoot cultures of Clinopodium nepeta subsp. spruneri.
Effects on Growth
- Exposure to AgNPs significantly reduced shoot length, leaf number, and node number.
- Root formation was completely suppressed by AgNP treatment.
- Biomass accumulation increased proportionally with higher AgNP concentrations.
Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified rosmarinic acid (RA) as the primary phenolic compound.
- RA levels increased between 2.5- and 4.5-fold in treated shoots compared to control and wild plants.
- The highest RA content, total phenolic concentration, antioxidant activity (measured by DPPH and FRAP assays), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition occurred at 20.0 mg/L AgNP.
- The greatest flavonoid content was found in wild plants rather than treated or control cultures.
Essential Oil Composition
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed distinct changes in essential oils:
- Isoeugenol was the dominant compound in AgNP-treated cultures.
- Menthalactone was the main component in both control and wild plant samples.
Summary of Findings
"AgNPs substantially alter the metabolic profile of Clinopodium spruneri, suggesting their potential as elicitors to enhance phenolic accumulation, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibition under in vitro conditions."
Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze is a sturdy aromatic plant from the Lamiaceae family, notable for its response to nanoparticle treatment in controlled environments.
Author's summary: Silver nanoparticles significantly influence growth, increase key phenolics, boost antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, and change essential oil composition in Clinopodium nepeta in vitro cultures.
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